Izicelo zebhethri ye-Sodium Ion kanye nezinzuzo

Isingeniso

Ezweni elithuthukayo lokugcinwa kwamandla, ibhethri le-sodium-ion lenza ukuchaphaza njengenye indlela ethembisayo yamabhethri endabuko e-lithium-ion namabhethri e-lead-acid. Ngokuthuthuka kwakamuva kwezobuchwepheshe kanye nesidingo esikhulayo sezixazululo ezisimeme, ibhethri ye-Sodium-ion iletha isethi eyingqayizivele yezinzuzo etafuleni. Zigqama ngokusebenza kwazo okuhle kakhulu emazingeni okushisa adlulele, amandla esilinganiso ahlaba umxhwele, namazinga aphezulu okuphepha. Lesi sihloko sicubungula izinhlelo zokusebenza ezijabulisayo zebhethri le-sodium-ion futhi sihlola ukuthi angashintsha kanjani amabhethri e-lead-asidi futhi ashintshe ingxenye yamabhethri e-lithium-ion ezimweni ezithile—konke kuyilapho enikeza isixazululo esingabizi kakhulu.

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1.1 Izinzuzo Eziningi zebhethri le-Sodium-ion

Uma inqwabelene ngokumelene ne-lithium iron phosphate (LFP) namabhethri e-ternary lithium, ibhethri le-Sodium-ion libonisa inhlanganisela yamandla nezindawo ezidinga ukuthuthukiswa. Njengoba la mabhethri eqhubekela ekukhiqizweni ngobuningi, kulindeleke ukuthi acwebezele ngezinzuzo zezindleko ngenxa yezinto ezingavuthiwe, ukugcinwa kwamandla aphezulu emazingeni okushisa adlulele, kanye nokusebenza kwezinga eliphakeme. Kodwa-ke, okwamanje banomthamo omncane wamandla kanye nempilo yomjikelezo omfushane, okuyizindawo ezisadinga ukucwengwa. Naphezu kwalezi zinselele, amabhethri e-Sodium-ion adlula amabhethri e-lead-asidi kukho konke futhi akulungele ukuwashintsha njengoba ukukhiqizwa kukhuphuka nezindleko zehla.

Ukuqhathaniswa kokusebenza kwebhethri ye-Sodium-Ion, i-Lithium-Ion, ne-Lead-Acid

1.1.1 Ukugcinwa Kwekhono Eliphezulu Lebhethri le-Sodium-ion Emazingeni Okushisa Aphakeme

Ibhethri le-sodium-ion liyimiqhudelwano uma kuziwa ekuphatheni izinga lokushisa elidlulele, lisebenza kahle phakathi kuka -40°C no-80°C. Zikhipha ngaphezu kuka-100% womthamo wazo olinganiselwe emazingeni okushisa aphezulu (55°C no-80°C) futhi zisagcine ngaphezu kuka-70% womthamo wazo olinganiselwe ku -40°C. Futhi zisekela ukushaja ku -20°C cishe ngokusebenza kahle okungu-100%.

Mayelana nokusebenza kwezinga lokushisa eliphansi, ibhethri le-Sodium-ion lidlula kokubili i-LFP namabhethri e-lead-acid. Ku-20°C, ibhethri le-Sodium-ion ligcina cishe u-90% womthamo walo, kuyilapho amabhethri e-LFP ehla aze afike ku-70% namabhethri e-lead-acid afinyelele ku-48%.

Khipha ama-Curves webhethri le-Sodium-ion (kwesokunxele) Amabhethri e-LFP (maphakathi) kanye namabhethri e-Lead-Acid (kwesokudla) Kumazinga Okushisa Ahlukahlukene

1.1.2 Ukusebenza Kwezinga Elingavamile Lebhethri le-Sodium-ion

Ama-sodium ions, ngenxa yobubanzi bawo obuncane be-Stokes namandla okuxazulula aphansi kuzincibilikisi ze-polar, aziqhayisa ngokuqhutshwa kwe-electrolyte ephakeme uma kuqhathaniswa nama-ion e-lithium. Ububanzi be-Stokes isilinganiso sobukhulu bendilinga oketshezini oluhlala ngenani elifanayo nezinhlayiya; ububanzi obuncane buvumela ukunyakaza kwe-ion okusheshayo. Amandla okuxazululwa aphansi asho ukuthi ama-ion e-sodium angachitha kalula ama-athomu ancibilikayo endaweni ye-electrode, athuthukise ukusakazeka kwe-ion futhi asheshise i-ion kinetics ku-electrolyte.

Ukuqhathaniswa Kosayizi We-Ion Exazululiwe & Amandla Wokuxazulula (KJ/mol) we-Sodium ne-Lithium kuzincibilikisi ezihlukene

Lokhu kuziphatha okuphezulu kwe-electrolyte kubangela ukusebenza kwezinga elimangalisayo. Ibhethri le-sodium-ion lingashaja kufika ku-90% emizuzwini engu-12 kuphela—ngokushesha kakhulu kunawo womabili amabhethri e-lithium-ion nawelead-acid.

Ukuqhathaniswa Kokusebenza Okushaja Ngokushesha

1.1.3 Ukusebenza Okuphezulu Kokuphepha Kwebhethri Le-sodium-ion Ngaphansi Kwezimo Ezidlulele

Amabhethri e-lithium-ion angase athambekele ekubalekeni okushisayo ngaphansi kwezimo ezihlukahlukene zokuhlukumeza, njengokusebenzisa kabi imishini (isb., ukuchotshozwa, ukubhoboza), ukusetshenziswa kabi kukagesi (isb., amasekhethi amafushane, ukushaja ngokweqile, ukushajwa ngokweqile), kanye nokusetshenziswa kabi kokushisa (isb, ukushisa ngokweqile) . Uma izinga lokushisa langaphakathi lifinyelela iphuzu elibucayi, lingabangela ukusabela okuyingozi ohlangothini futhi kubangele ukushisa okukhulu, okuholela ekubalekeni okushisayo.

Ibhethri le-sodium-ion, ngakolunye uhlangothi, alizange libonise izinkinga ezifanayo ezishisayo ekuhlolweni kokuphepha. Baphumelele ukuhlolwa kokushajwa ngokweqile/ukukhishwa, amasekhethi amafushane angaphandle, ukuguga okuphezulu, nokuhlolwa kokuhlukumeza okufana nokuchotshozwa, ukubhoboza, nokuchayeka emlilweni ngaphandle kwezingozi ezihlobene namabhethri e-lithium-ion.

2.2 Izixazululo Ezibiza Izindleko Zezinhlelo Ezihlukahlukene, Ukwandisa Amathuba Emakethe

Ibhethri le-sodium-ion licwebezela ngokuya ngokusebenza ngempumelelo kwezindleko kuzo zonke izinhlelo zokusebenza ezahlukahlukene. Adlula amabhethri e-lead-acid ezindaweni ezimbalwa, okuwenza abe indawo ekhangayo ezimakethe njengamasistimu wamandla amancane anamasondo amabili, amasistimu okuqalisa okumisa izimoto, kanye neziteshi ze-telecom. Ngokuthuthuka kokusebenza komjikelezo nokwehliswa kwezindleko ngokukhiqiza ngobuningi, ibhethri ye-Sodium-ion ingase futhi ithathele indawo amabhethri e-LFP ezimotweni zikagesi zezinga elingu-A00 kanye nezimo zokugcina amandla.

Ukusetshenziswa kwebhethri ye-Sodium-ion

• Amasistimu Amandla Amancane Amasondo Amabili:Ibhethri le-sodium-ion linikeza izindleko ezingcono zomjikelezo wokuphila kanye nokuminyana kwamandla uma kuqhathaniswa namabhethri e-lead-acid.
• Amasistimu Wokuqalisa Ukumisa Izimoto:Ukusebenza kwabo okuhle kakhulu okuphezulu nokuphansi kwezinga lokushisa, kanye nempilo yomjikelezo osezingeni eliphezulu, kufanelana kahle nezidingo zokuqalisa kokuma kwezimoto.
• I-Telecom Base Station:Ukuphepha okuphezulu nokubekezelela ukuchithwa ngokweqile kwenza ibhethri le-Sodium-ion lilungele ukugcina amandla ngesikhathi sokucima.
• Isitoreji Samandla:Ibhethri ye-sodium-ion ifaneleka kahle izinhlelo zokusebenza zokugcina amandla ngenxa yokuphepha kwazo okuphezulu, ukusebenza kahle kwezinga lokushisa, nokuphila komjikelezo omude.
• Izimoto zikagesi ze-A00-Class:Banikeza isisombululo esingabizi futhi esizinzile, sihlangabezana nezidingo zokuminyana kwamandla kulezi zimoto.

2.2.1 Izimoto zikagesi zekilasi le-A00: Ibhekana Nenkinga Yokuguquguquka Kwentengo ye-LFP Ngenxa Yezindleko Zempahla Engavuthiwe

Izimoto zikagesi zesigaba esingu-A00, ezaziwa nangokuthi ama-microcars, ziklanyelwe ukuba zingabizi kakhulu ezinosayizi abahlangene, okuzenza zilungele ukuhamba ngethrafikhi nokuthola indawo yokupaka ezindaweni eziminyene.

Kulezi zimoto, izindleko zebhethri ziyisici esibalulekile. Izimoto eziningi ze-A00-class zinenani eliphakathi kuka-30,000 no-80,000 CNY, eziqondiswe emakethe enganaki amanani. Uma kubhekwa ukuthi amabhethri enza ingxenye enkulu yezindleko zemoto, izintengo zebhethri ezizinzile zibalulekile ekuthengisweni.

Lezi zimoto ezincane zivame ukuba nebanga elingaphansi kuka-250km, nephesenti elincane kuphela elinikela ku-400km. Ngakho-ke, ukuminyana kwamandla okuphezulu akuyona into eyinhloko.

Ibhethri le-sodium-ion linezindleko zezinto ezingavuthiwe ezizinzile, ezithembele ku-sodium carbonate, eningi futhi engaphansi kokuguquguquka kwentengo uma kuqhathaniswa namabhethri e-LFP. Ukuminyana kwazo kwamandla kuyancintisana ezimotweni ze-A00, okuzenza zibe ukukhetha okungabizi kakhulu.

2.2.2 Imakethe Yebhethri Le-acid eholayo: Ibhethri le-sodium-ion Lisebenza Kakhulu Ebhodini Lonkana, Lilungele Ukushintshwa

Amabhethri e-lead-acid asetshenziswa ngokuyinhloko ezinhlelweni ezintathu: amasistimu wamandla amancane anamasondo amabili, amasistimu okuqalisa ukuqalisa kwezimoto, namabhethri ayisipele esiteshi se-telecom.

• Amasistimu Amandla Amancane Amasondo Amabili: Ibhethri le-sodium-ion linikeza ukusebenza okuphezulu, impilo yomjikelezo omude, nokuphepha okuphezulu uma kuqhathaniswa namabhethri e-lead-acid.

• I-Automotive Start-Stop Systems: Ukuphepha okuphezulu nokusebenza kokushaja okusheshayo kwebhethri le-sodium-ion kuwenza abe indawo ekahle yamabhethri e-lead-acid kumasistimu okuqalisa.
• I-Telecom Base Stations: Ibhethri le-sodium-ion linikeza ukusebenza okungcono ngokukhuthazela okuphezulu nokuphansi kwezinga lokushisa, ukusebenza kahle kwezindleko, nokuphepha kwesikhathi eside uma kuqhathaniswa namabhethri e-lead-acid.

Ibhethri le-sodium-ion lisebenza kahle kakhulu kunamabhethri e-lead-acid kuzo zonke izici. Amandla okusebenza ngempumelelo emazingeni okushisa adlulele, kuhambisana nokuminyana kwamandla aphezulu kanye nezinzuzo zezindleko, kubeka ibhethri ye-Sodium-ion esikhundleni esifanelekile samabhethri e-lead-acid. Ibhethri ye-sodium-ion kulindeleke ukuthi ibe namandla njengoba ubuchwepheshe bukhula futhi izindleko zikhuphuka.

Isiphetho

Njengoba ukufuna izixazululo ezintsha zokugcina amandla kuqhubeka,Ibhethri ye-sodium-iongqama njengenketho eguquguqukayo neyongayo. Ikhono labo lokwenza kahle ebangeni elibanzi lokushisa, elihlanganiswe namandla esilinganiso amangalisayo nezici zokuphepha ezithuthukisiwe, libabeka njengabambangi abaqinile emakethe yamabhethri. Ukuthi unika amandla izimoto zikagesi zesigaba se-A00, ukushintsha amabhethri e-lead-acid ezinhlelweni zamandla amancane, noma iziteshi ezisekela i-telecom, ibhethri ye-Sodium-ion inikeza isisombululo esisebenzayo nesibheke phambili. Ngokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kanye nokwehliswa kwezindleko okungaba khona ngokukhiqizwa ngobuningi, ubuchwepheshe be-sodium-ion busethelwe ukudlala indima ebalulekile ekulolongeni ikusasa lokugcinwa kwamandla.